Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can lead to a high fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. It can be fatal. It is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. The infection is often passed on through contaminated food and drinking water, and it is more prevalent in places where handwashing is less frequent. It can also be passed on by carriers who do not know they carry the bacteria.
Annually, there are around 5, cases in the United States, and 75 percent of these start while traveling internationally. Globally, around If typhoid is caught early, it can be successfully treated with antibiotics; if it is not treated, typhoid can be fatal. The bacterium lives in the intestines and bloodstream of humans.
It spreads between individuals by direct contact with the feces of an infected person. If untreated, around 1 in 5 cases of typhoid can be fatal. With treatment, fewer than 4 in cases are fatal.
After this, it makes its way through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, it spreads into other tissues and organs. The immune system of the host can do little to fight back because S. Typhoid is diagnosed by detecting the presence of S. The two major symptoms of typhoid are fever and rash. Typhoid fever is particularly high, gradually increasing over several days up to degrees Fahrenheit, or 39 to 40 degrees Celsius. The rash, which does not affect every patient, consists of rose-colored spots, particularly on the neck and abdomen.
Sometimes, after the illness seems gone it can come back. After recovering from typhoid fever, some people become carriers of the bacteria. This means that they'll have no symptoms, but do have the bacteria in their bodies and can pass it on to others. Typhoid in the U. But if you plan to travel to a foreign country especially South-central and Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America, or the Caribbean , it's a good idea to talk to your doctor about prevention and treatment of typhoid fever.
People usually get typhoid fever by drinking beverages or eating food that has been handled by someone who has typhoid fever or is a carrier of the illness. Those infected also can pass the disease to others directly for example, by touching them with unwashed hands. People also get the illness by drinking water that is contaminated by sewage. The doctor will evaluate the symptoms and ask you about your child's medical history and recent travels. The doctor probably will take a sample of stool poop , urine pee , or blood to test it for the disease.
Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics that kill the bacteria. It's important to take the medicine for the whole time that the doctor prescribes, even if your child feels better. If you stop it too soon, some bacteria could remain. Most kids start feeling better within 2 to 3 days of beginning treatment. Offer your child plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Ryan ET. Epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of typhoid fever.
Typhoid fever. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. World Health Organization. Espinoza LMC, et al. Occurrence of typhoid fever complications and their relation to duration of illness preceding hospitalization: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases.
Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. Your doctor may order special tests to see if the bacteria causing your infection are resistant. Results from those tests may affect what antibiotic treatment you receive. People who do not get appropriate antibiotic treatment may have fever for weeks or months and may develop complications.
People who do not get treatment can die from complications of the infection. Even if your symptoms seem to go away, you may still be carrying Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi. If so, the illness could return, or you could pass the bacteria to other people.
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