This group of motion segments starts with the C2 vertebra near the top of the cervical spine and ends in the mid-cervical spine at the C5 vertebra. C4-C5 is typically more mobile compared to other motion segments between C2-C5. The lower cervical spine C5-C7 is typically injured more often compared to C2-C5. However, the C2-C5 motion segments are also susceptible to injury and can cause pain due to degeneration, disc herniation, trauma, and neurological injury.
Watch Cervical Vertebrae Anatomy Animation. See Cervical Spinal Nerves. Each spinal nerve receives sensation from specific areas of skin—its dermatome; and controls specific groups of muscles—its myotome. Spinal damage can be common up to the second cervical vertebra. Its function is to support the skull, enabling head movements…. The tenth thoracic vertebra T10 is one of twelve vertebrae that make up the central section of the vertebral column.
The spine consists of three…. The thoracic spinal vertebrae consist of 12 total vertebrae and are located between the cervical vertebrae which begin at the base of the skull and…. An intervertebral disk acts as shock absorber between each of the vertebrae in the spinal column by keeping the vertebrae separated when there is…. The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, is a flexible column that encloses the spinal cord and also supports the head. It consists of….
The T12 vertebra is the twelfth thoracic vertebra in the spine of the human body. Watch Procedure: Anterior Cervical Corpectomy. This procedure is performed through a small vertical incision in the posterior back of your neck, generally in the middle. This approach may be considered for a large soft disc herniation that is located on the side of the spinal cord.
A high speed burr is used to remove some of the facet joint, and the nerve root is identified under the facet joint. The nerve root needs to be gently moved aside to free up and remove the disc herniation. This procedure requires a small incision in the middle of the back neck to remove the lamina. The foramen , the passageway in the vertebrae through which the spinal nerve roots travel, may also be enlarged to allow the nerves to pass through.
Depending on the severity of the degeneration and amount of reconstruction required, the surgeon may determine that a posterior spinal fusion is needed in addition to the laminectomy to maintain proper spinal stability and alignment.
This may reduce the risk of requiring future interventions at those levels. Although complications are fairly rare, as with any surgery, the following risks may be associated with cervical spine surgery:. The benefits of surgery should always be weighed carefully against its risks. Although a large percentage of cervical spine patients report significant pain relief after surgery, there is no guarantee that surgery will help every individual.
The doctor will give specific instructions post-surgery and usually prescribe pain medication. The doctor will help determine when the patient can resume normal activities such as returning to work, driving and exercising depending on the type of surgery. Some patients may benefit from supervised rehabilitation or physical therapy after surgery. Discomfort is expected while the patient gradually returns to normal activity, but pain is a warning signal that he or she might need to slow down.
Postoperatively, the neurosurgeon may elect to obtain x-rays of the spine to assess alignment, status of the instrumentation and fusion and generally monitor levels of the spine adjacent to the surgery.
There is also loss of the normal spinal alignment and cervical lordosis due to the degeneration. There are osteophytes bone spurs shown on the CT middle that are pushing on the spinal cord.
The postoperative x-ray right shows restoration of normal cervical lordosis with proper restoration of disc space height. Shashank V. The neck vertebral column, otherwise known as the cervical spine, has seven member vertebrae numbered from C1 to C7. The C2-C5 section of the cervical spine constitutes the mid-neck. Of this entire section, C4 and C5 are the two most mobile members, although they do not experience as much motion as the lower cervical spine segments, i.
These two intervertebral members are connected via paired facet joints and the C disc. These joints traverse the entire length of the spine. Typically each facet joint is synovial in nature and contains articulating cartilage that aids smooth gliding motion between the connected members. The C4 and C5 are also separated by an intervertebral disc termed the C4-C5 disc. This disc serves the function of cushioning the vertebrae and absorbing any shock or sudden impact. It also aids the flexibility of the cervical spine, allowing it to bend easily and move in all directions.
Normal discs do not cause pain. Due to its location in the middle of the neck, the C4-C5 disc is not as prone to herniation as other intervertebral discs located in the lower cervical spine, e. Conditions such as degeneration of outer disc tissue, injury, and trauma can compromise the integrity of the C4-C5 disc and cause it to herniate.
This herniation occurs when the nucleus pulposus of the disc is squeezed into the nerve canal through a tear in the annulus fibrosus. The annular tear is the actual source of neck pain and inflammation in the posterior annular tear is the actual anatomical source.
Without inflammation, there is no neck pain. The painful annular tear at the back of a herniated C disc can be repaired with a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure called the Deuk Laser Disc Repair.
Herniation of the C4-C5 disc usually leads to inflammation of the C5 nerve root. This inflammation occurs when the herniated material of the C4-C5 disc impinges onto the C5 nerve root and causes it to become irritated.
The C5 nerve root is the spinal nerve that controls most of the movement and sensations in the shoulders, upper arms, and forearms. Hence, any disturbance caused to this nerve root affects the sensory and motor abilities of the aforementioned parts of the upper body.
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