The most common causes of short bowel syndrome in infants are abnormalities in the way the intestine has developed and necrotising enterolitis. The small intestine fails to absorb food nutrients properly Normally, absorption of food nutrients happens in the small intestine. Food is squeezed from the stomach, through a sphincter valve and into the first part of the small intestine duodenum , where it is mixed with digestive enzymes. Next, muscular contractions peristalsis massage the food into the lower parts of the small intestine jejunum and ileum.
Nutrients are absorbed along the length of the small intestine, which is lined with millions of microscopic, finger-like projections called villi. Each villus is connected to a mesh of capillaries so that nutrients can pass into the bloodstream. Short bowel syndrome refers to the malabsorption of food nutrients due to failure of the small intestine. Symptoms of short bowel syndrome The symptoms of short bowel syndrome can include: abdominal pain diarrhoea stools that float or smell particularly bad fluid retention unintended weight loss extreme fatigue.
Complications of malnutrition in short bowel syndrome A person with short bowel syndrome is likely to be deficient in a range of important nutrients such as calcium, folate, iron, magnesium, vitamin B12 and zinc. Some of the disorders caused by malnutrition include: anaemia skin rashes unusual skin sensations fatigue dehydration increased susceptibility to infections osteoporosis impaired growth and development in children.
Causes of short bowel syndrome The most common causes of short bowel syndrome include: Small intestine malfunction — severe abnormality in the way the small intestine functions. This may be caused by a condition or disease such as intestinal pseudo-obstruction, in which the intestine fails to move food and fluid along its length normally and absorption of food is compromised.
Bowel surgery — may be required to remove a significant proportion of the small bowel due to disease or malformation. Conditions that may require small bowel surgery include: Necrotising enterocolitis — a condition that tends to target newborns, particularly premature babies, for reasons unknown. Reduced blood supply to the intestinal walls results in the death of the intestinal lining.
The dead tissue must then be surgically removed. Small, frequent meals are better than fewer, large ones. People who need TPN may be given injections of a drug called teduglutide. This drug may help reduce the amount of TPN people need. People who have diarrhea after meals should take antidiarrheal drugs such as loperamide 1 hour before eating. Cholestyramine can be taken with meals to reduce diarrhea caused by malabsorption of bile acid.
Most people should take supplemental vitamins, calcium, and magnesium. Because people with short bowel syndrome often have excess stomach acid, most people also take an acid-blocking drug, such as a proton pump inhibitor.
Some people require monthly injections of vitamin B Small intestine transplantation Small Intestine Transplantation Small intestine transplantation is the removal of the small intestine from a recently decreased person and then the transfer of the small intestine, sometimes with other organs, into a person Merck and Co. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world.
The Manual was first published in as a service to the community. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. The answer to the first question, believe it or not is - YES! You can live without a large intestine - something that comes as a shock to many people. The large intestine or colon has one primary role, water and electrolyte absorption to concentrate the stool. It plays little role in metabolism and people can live full lives without their large intestine.
When the anus is not involved with disease and does not need to be removed, the small intestine can be reconstructed to work like the rectum a J-pouch which is connected to the anus to maintain continence. After J-pouch surgery, since the stool in the small intestine is more liquid, patients will have very watery bowel movements postop until the pouch adapts and learns to absorb fluid like the colon once did.
While less commonly employed than in years past, significant disease that inhibits the natural elimination of stool may require a colostomy — where a stoma is created in the abdominal wall to allow for the elimination of waste from the large intestine.
The small intestine cannot be completely removed. Some patients may undergo surgery to remove some of their small bowel. A special IV will be placed in your neck or upper chest area to deliver nutrition.
After you go home, follow instructions on how to take care of yourself as you heal. Most people who have a small bowel resection recover fully. Even with an ileostomy, most people are able to do the activities they were doing before their surgery. This includes most sports, travel, gardening, hiking, and other outdoor activities, and most types of work. If a large part of your small intestine was removed, you may have problems with loose stools and getting enough nutrients from the food you eat.
If you have a long-term chronic condition, such as cancer, Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis, you may need ongoing medical treatment. Small intestine surgery; Bowel resection - small intestine; Resection of part of the small intestine; Enterectomy. Atlas of Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Elmously A, Yeo HL. Management of small bowel obstruction. Current Surgical Therapy. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; Small intestine.
Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. Updated by: Debra G. Editorial team. Small bowel resection.
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